Filament
Best
A bunch of companies make filament. As an industrial process it’s not that hard or expensive. A lot fewer companies make the plastic. A much tougher process, and it cost more to do it. There are a bunch of plastics and each if them is different to make. Af far as filament goes the methods and equipment for most plastics is the same.
So most, if not all, filament manufacturers get the stuff that goes into filament from just a few companies. They all get the plastic they use from a few companies. The additives may differ slightly, but they pretty much get all the additives from some other company. So, whatever brand is on the filament you got the plastic may have come from the same company.
There is nothing that stops a filament maker from changing plastic suppliers if one is a bit cheaper today. So, the filament may not be the same from one batch to another.
A well known brand has a lot invested in their brand. They want their customers to have a good experience and buy their filament next time. An unknown brand wants the customer to buy their filament because it is the cheapest, and they don’t care about the experience of using the filament or if they buy again. If the brand gets a horrible rep, they can just change the brand name and start over again.
Besides the plastic there is other stuff in filament. Most of the time it is colored. A manufacturer might put stuff in to make it better in some way, easier to print comes to mind. All this stuff comes from other companies. Brand X and brand y might use the same stuff to make their filament red. They could change because of cost or some deal plastic maker z has to buy plastic and color from them as a package.
Just cause I got a roll of filament from g that I like does not mean you will like a roll from g. You might get a different color and their red is far better than their green. They could change anything after they made the filament I like so the filament you get can be different. Your printer may do better with filament from k than g. I, a random user on Reddit, may not have any idea what I am talking about when I recommend g. I, and you, are certainly not, but there are people on Reddit who would recommend k because it is horrible and they want chaos.
There is no best. One filament, A, might have fantastic bonding between layers and another, B, the smallest amount of stringing. Which is best. If you want to print a square that needs the layers to stick then A. If you want to print a frilly thing with a lot of spikes that will sit on a shelf and look good, then B is better.
Clogging
Filament with stuff in it clogs more and easier. Filament comes into the hot end and melts. A lot of stuff, like colors, is really small, melts throughout, and does not block the nozzle. Some filaments have stuff, carbon fibre, marble, etc., in them that does not melt. So the plastic, with the stuff. goes in the nozzle and the plastic melts. The bits do not melt. It all has to go out the little hole. If you have a real small hole, .2mm, things can get caught. If stuff gets caught it makes it makes it easier for other stuff to get caught and before you know it there is a clog. If you make the hole a bit larger, .4mm or .8mm, less stuff will get caught and it will clog less.
All nozzles clog. Smaller ones clog more often. If you use filament with stuff a small nozzle will quickly clog. You could have something print before a clog, or it could clog immediately. The stuff in the filament will increase or decrease the clogging. Some filament clogs so quickly and often the manufacturer recommends a larger nozzle. Your printer will not burst into flames if you use a smaller nozzle. You might even get your print done. But if you print CF filament with a .2mm nozzle do not be surprised if it clogs.
Abrasive
Most filament without stuff is not very abrasive. It melts and the goo that comes out does not wear the nozzle excessively. Anything is abrasive to some degree. If you push any molten plastic through a brass nozzle for years it will wear. Some stuff could cause it to wear noticeably in a single print.
Abrasive filament will not cause your printer to burst into flames. Whatever nozzle you have you can probably get it to print a small thing. When you are done the nozzle might be worn enough that you have to replace it. As you print the hole gets bigger and by the end of the print filament may be flowing just a bit more and the print will be worse at the end than the beginning.
All the filaments with carbon or glass fibres, CF GF, are abrasive. Glow in the dark filament has tiny chunks of stuff that glows in it. These chunks are very abrasive. If you print glow in the dark filament with a brass nozzle the nozzle could require replacement after a single print. White filament often uses titanium dioxide to make it white and opaque. Titanium dioxide is mildly abrasive. If you print a lot of white your nozzle may wear faster. Some wood filaments have actual pieces of wood in them. The wood is mildly abrasive. Marble filament can have actual marble in it, marble chunks are abrasive. Metal filament has chunks of metal.
Carbon Fibre
Carbon fibre is stronger than steel, in tension. Most other ways it is kind of wimpy. The cars and planes you see made from carbon fibre use long strands of carbon fibre in an adhesive. They are strong because the long strands are hard to break.
Filament with carbon fibre has chopped carbon fibre. Most of the fibres are under .5mm long. It’s not the same. Print a thing with CF filament and it is weaker than steel in every way. It might be a little stronger, in some ways, than the plastic without CF, but it is in no way like steel, or normal CF.